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植物配種（英語：Plant breeding）是指透過改變植物的特徵而產生所期望的特性的藝術和科學。^[1]植物配種現使用於為人類和動物改善產品中營養的品質。^[2] 植物育種的目標是培育出具有獨特和優越性狀、適合各種應用的作物品種。最常被提及的農業性狀是那些與生物和非生物脅迫耐受性、穀物或生物量產量、最終用途品質特徵（例如味道或特定生物分子（蛋白質、糖、脂質、維生素、纖維）的濃度）以及易於加工有關的特性。^[3]

植物育種可以透過許多不同的技術進行，從簡單地選擇具有所需繁殖特性的植物，到利用遺傳學和染色體知識的方法，再到更複雜的分子技術。植物中的基因決定了其具有何種類型的質量或數量性狀。植物育種者努力創造特定的植物結果和潛在的新植物品種，並在此過程中將該品種的遺傳多樣性縮小到特定的幾種生物型。^[4]

• McCouch, S. Diversifying Selection in Plant Breeding. PLOS Biol. 2004, 2 (10): e347. PMC 521731 . PMID 15486582. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020347 . 
• Briggs, F.N. and Knowles, P.F. 1967. Introduction to Plant Breeding. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York.
• Curry, Helen Anne. Evolution Made to Order: Plant Breeding and Technological Innovation in Twentieth-Century America (ISBN 9780226390116) U of Chicago Press, 2016. x, 285 pp.
• Gepts, P. A Comparison between Crop Domestication, Classical Plant Breeding, and Genetic Engineering. Crop Science. 2002, 42 (6): 1780–1790. doi:10.2135/cropsci2002.1780 . 
• The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication – The Harlan Symposium
• Schlegel, Rolf (2009) Encyclopedic Dictionary of Plant Breeding 2nd ed. (ISBN 9781439802427), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 584
• Schlegel, Rolf (2007) Concise Encyclopedia of Crop Improvement: Institutions, Persons, Theories, Methods, and Histories (ISBN 9781560221463), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 423
• Schlegel, Rolf (2014) Dictionary of Plant Breeding, 2nd ed., (ISBN 978-1439802427), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis Group, Inc., New York, USA, pp 584
• Schouten, Henk J.; Krens, Frans A.; Jacobsen, Evert. Do cisgenic plants warrant less stringent oversight?. Nature Biotechnology. 2006, 24 (7): 753. PMID 16841052. S2CID 8087798. doi:10.1038/nbt0706-753 . 
• Schouten, Henk J.; Krens, Frans A.; Jacobsen, Evert. Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants. EMBO Reports. 2006, 7 (8): 750–753. PMC 1525145 . PMID 16880817. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400769. 
• Sun. From indica and japonica splitting in common wild rice DNA to the origin and evolution of Asian cultivated rice. Agricultural Archaeology: 21–29. 
• Thro, A.M.; Spillane, C. (1999) Biotechnology assisted participatory plant breeding: Complement or contradiction? CGIAR Program on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis, Working Document No.4, CIAT: Cali. 150pp.
• Deppe, Carol. Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties. Chelsea Green Publishing. 2000. 
• Vaschetto, Luis M. (编). Cereal Genomics. Methods in Molecular Biology 2072. 2020. ISBN 978-1-4939-9864-7. ISSN 1064-3745. S2CID 82398463. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4 （英国英语）. 

• Plant Breeding and Genomics eXtension Community of Practice – education and training materials for plant breeders and allied professionals
• Plant Breeding Updates
• Hybridization of Crop Plants – large practical reference on plant hybridization
• Infography about the History of Plant Breeding
• Glossary of plant breeding terminology by the Open Plant Breeding Foundation
• National Association of Plant Breeders (NAPB)
• The Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building – GIPB
• FAO/IAEA Programme Mutant Variety Database
• FDA Statement of Policy – Foods Derived from New Plant Varieties
• A Breed Apart: The Plant Breeder's Guide to Preventing Patents through Defensive Publication by Cydnee V. Bence & Emily J. Spiegel, 2019