海菊蛤属 化石时期：
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| 海菊蛤（S. regius）的外殼 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 双壳纲 Bivalvia |
| 目： | 莺蛤目 Pteriida |
| 科： | 海菊蛤科 Spondylidae Gray, 1826 |
| 属： | 海菊蛤属 Spondylus Linnaeus, 1758 |
| 屬 | |
海菊蛤，又稱海菊貝、紅螺、車蠔，是海扇蛤目的其中一科（海菊蛤科；Spondylidae），以及此科下唯一的屬（海菊蛤屬；Spondylus）。海菊蛤的外觀與牡蠣科相似，但其外殼帶有紅色。其殼內之肉可供食用，中國的西沙海域盛產的紅螺，特別鮮味[1]。 海菊蛤物種的型態及分佈範圍差異頗大，但牠們其實與扇貝屬於同一個總科。與牡蠣科物種黏合在岩石上不同，海菊蛤都以足絲來固定。
物種
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- 棘刺海菊蛤 Spondylus aculeatus Schröter, 1788
- S. americanus Hermann, 1781 — Atlantic thorny oyster
- 无棘海菊蛤 Spondylus anacanthus Mawe, 1823 — nude thorny oyster
- 橘色海菊蛤 Spondylus aurantius Lamarck, 1819
- 须毛海菊蛤 Spondylus barbatus Reeve, 1856
- 巴氏海菊蛤 Spondylus butleri Reeve, 1856
- S. calcifer Carpenter, 1857
- 洁海菊蛤 Spondylus candidus Lamarck,1819
- 白海菊蛤 Spondylus castus Reeve, 1856
- S. clarksoni Limpus, 1992
- S. crassisquama Lamarck, 1819 (S. princeps Broderip, 1833) — Pacific thorny oyster
- 血色海菊蛤 Spondylus cruentus Lischke, 1868
- S. cumingii Sowerby, 1847
- S. dutempleanus Linnaeus, 1758
- S. echinatus Schreibers, 1793
- 怒发海菊蛤 Spondylus erectospinus Habe,1973
- 直棘海菊蛤 Spondylus erectospinosus Habe, 1973
- S. erinaceus Reeve, 1856
- 异棘海菊蛤 Spondylus gaederopus Linnaeus, 1758 — European thorny oyster
- S. gilvus Reeve, 1856
- S. groschi Lamprell & Kilburn, 1995
- 古氏海菊蛤 Spondylus gussoni (O. G Costa, 1829)
- S. hawaiiensis Dall, Bartsch and Rehder, 1938
- 亥氏海菊蛤 Spondylus heidkeae Lamprell & Healy, 2001
- S. hystrix Röding, 1798
- S. ictericus Reeve, 1856
- S. imbutus Reeve, 1856
- 堂皇海菊蛤 Spondylus imperialis Chenu, 1843
- S. japonicus Kur — Japanese spiny oyster
- S. lamarcki Chenu, 1845
- S. layardi Reeve, 1856
- 貓舌海菊蛤 S. linguaefelis
- S. longitudinalis Lamarck, 1819
- S. marisrubri Röding, 1798
- S. microlepos Lamarck, 1819
- 多棘海菊蛤 Spondylus multimuricatus Reeve, 1856
- S. multisetosus Reeve, 1856
- 尼科巴海菊蛤 Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793
- S. occidens Sowerby, 1903
- S. plurispinosus Reeve, 1856
- S. powelli Smith, 1892
- S. pratii Parth, 1990
- 猩猩海菊蛤 Spondylus regius Linnaeus, 1758，莺王海菊蛤
- S. sanguineus Dunker, 1852
- S. senegalensis Schreibers, 1793
- S. setiger Reeve, 1846
- 中华海菊蛤 Spondylus sinensis Schreibers, 1793
- S. smythaea Lamprell, 1998
- S. somalicus M. Parth & R. Philippe, 1992
- 奇海菊蛤 Spondylus spectrum Reeve, 1856
- 厚壳海菊蛤 Spondylus squamosus Schreibers, 1793
- S. tenellus Reeve, 1856
- 藍巨海菊蛤 S. varius Sowerby,1829
- S. variegatus Schreibers, 1793
- 金黄海菊蛤 Spondylus versicolor Schreibers, 1793
- S. vexillum Reeve, 1856
- 瑞氏海菊蛤 Spondylus wrightianus Crosse, 1872 — Wright's thorny oyster
- S. zonalis Lamarck, 1819
參考資料
[编辑]外部連結
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- Spondylus Session Abstracts on Spondylus research at the 13th Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists at Zadar, Croatia, September 2007
- Information about Spondylus from the website of the Gladys Archerd Shell Collection at Washington State University Tri-Cities Natural History Museum
- Article on "notched" Spondylus Neolithic artifacts in Europe
參考書目
[编辑]- A full and constantly updated bibliography （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） on Spondylus spp. in Aegean, Balkan, European and American contexts
史前歐洲
[编辑]- F. IFANTIDIS/M. NIKOLAIDOU (eds.), 2011.Spondylus in Prehistory: New Data and Approaches. Contributions to the Archaeology of Shell Technologies (Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, Int. Ser. 2216)
- P. HALSTEAD, 1993. Spondylus shell ornaments from late Neolithic Dimini, Greece: Specialized manufacture or unequal accumulation? Antiquity 67: 603–609.
- Vl. PODBORSKÝ (Hrsg.), 2002. Dvĕpohřebištĕ Neolitického lidu s Lineární Keramikou ve Vedrovicích na Moravĕ (Brno, Masarykovy University Philosophy Faculty Dept. of Archaeology and Museology).
- J. RODDEN, 1970. The Spondylus-shell trade and the beginnings of the Vinča culture. In:Actes du VIIe Congres International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques: 411-413 (Praha: Akademia Nauk).
- M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, 2000. Spondylus gaederopus: Some observations on the earliest European long distance exchange system. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien: Phoibos Verlag) 423-437.
- M. L. SÉFÉRIADÈS, Spondylus and Long-Distance Trade in Prehistoric Europe In: Anthony, D. W. (ed.), The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC. (Princeton) 179-189.
- J. SHACKLETON/H. ELDERFIELD, 1993. Strontium isotope dating of the source of Neolithic European Spondylus shell artefacts. Antiquity 64: 312-315.
- N. SHACKLETON/C. RENFREW, 1970. Neolithic trade routes realigned by oxygen isotope analyses. Nature 228: 1062-5.
- H. TODOROVA, 2000. Die Spondylus-Problematik heute. In: Hiller, S. and Nikolov, V. (Hrsg.), Karanovo III: Beiträge zum Neolithikum in Südosteuropa (Wien, Phoibos Verlag) 415-422.
- Sl. VENCL, 1959. Spondylove šperky v podunajskem Neolitů, Archeologicke Rozhledy 9: 699-742.