痛觉过敏是一种对痛过度敏感的异常状态，原因可能是伤害感受器或末梢神经受损，其中起到关键作用的化学物质为前列腺素E和F[1]。鸭嘴兽毒[2]、长期服用鸦片类药物[3]都会造成痛觉过敏。依照痛感发生部位的不同，它可分为原发性痛觉过敏和继发性痛觉过敏两种。
和神经性疼痛、触模痛等神经障碍引发的疼痛一样，痛觉过敏可以通过SSRI、三环抗抑郁药[4][5]、非甾体类抗炎药[6]、糖皮质激素[7]、加巴喷丁[8]、普瑞巴林[9]、NMDA受体拮抗剂[10][11][12]来治疗。换用非典型鸦片类药物如曲马朵也有利于减缓病情[13]。
参考文献
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- ^ Stubhaug, A.; Romundstad, L.; Kaasa, T.; Breivik, H. Methylprednisolone and ketorolac rapidly reduce hyperalgesia around a skin burn injury and increase pressure pain thresholds. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2007, 51 (9): 1138-1146. ISSN 1399-6576. PMID 17714578. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01415.x （英语）.
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