格陵蘭板塊
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格陵蘭板塊是一個假定的構造板塊,西側的內爾斯海峽可能是轉換斷層;西南邊是戴維斯海峽下的昂加瓦轉換斷層;東南是大西洋洋中脊;[1]東北是加科爾山脊,仍在張裂中。[2]格陵蘭克拉通的岩石有一部分由地球上最老的岩石組成。格陵蘭西南部的伊蘇阿綠岩帶包含地球上已知最老的岩石,有37–38億年歷史。[3]:27–49
格陵蘭的前寒武紀 基底形成了勞亞地盾的基礎部分,是北美洲板塊的核心。格陵蘭板塊從北美洲板塊分兩個張裂階段形成。第一個發生於白堊紀,形成了巴芬灣。巴芬灣是加拿大北極裂谷系統的西北端,在140 Ma的早白堊世開始擴張。[4]:169–209拉布拉多海則在69 Ma的馬斯垂克期開始擴張[5],但海底擴張在30–35 Ma的漸新世已經停止了。[6]:223–254人們期待能在加拿大和格陵蘭間找到構造對應,[7]但格陵蘭和加拿大的張裂前對應仍不能精確了解。[8]
北大西洋–拉布拉多海張裂閉合後,格陵蘭板塊就大致和北美洲板塊一起運動了。因此格陵蘭板塊究竟是否獨立存在爭議。[9]:179–196[10]:125格陵蘭和巴芬島之間的地區卻仍有活躍的地震,以1933年巴芬灣7.3級地震為首的諸多地震震中都在這片地區。截至2009年,科學家們仍不能將地震與特定的地質結構或地球物理異常聯繫起來。有種說法認為地震可能與冰後回彈有關。[11]:538–540[12]:724–736
另見
參考
- ^ BAFFIN BAY (PDF). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. [2009-10-04]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-06-13).
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- ^ Chadwick, B. & Garde, A.A. 1996: Palaeoproterozoic oblique plate convergence in South Greenland: a reappraisal of the Ketilidian Orogen. In: Brewer, T.S. (ed.): Precambrian crustal evolution in the North Atlantic region. Geological Society Special Publication (London) 112
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- ^ Stein, S., Sleep, N.H., Geller, R.J., Wang, S.-C. & Kroeger, G.C. Earthquakes along the passive margin of eastern Canada. Geophysical Research Letters (Geophys. Res. Lett.). 1979, 6. doi:10.1029/gl006i007p00537.
- ^ Allison L. Bent. The 1933 Ms=7.3 Baffin Bay earthquake: strike-slip faulting along the northeastern Canadian passive margin (PDF). Geophysical Journal International (Geophys. J. Int.). 2002-03-18, 150. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01722.x
. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-21).