濁聲門擦音(英:voiced glottal fricative)是 /h/ 相應的濁音,亦稱「濁喉擦音」。發音時候氣流通過聲門並且帶有聲帶的振動。此音在國際音標中的符號為⟨ɦ⟩,在X-SAMPA中的符號為⟨h\⟩。
吳語和閩北語建陽話中存在此音素,中古漢語中亦可能有此音素。部分語音學家將中古漢語中的匣母擬為濁喉擦音。宋代韻書廣韻中從匣母的字有:「鞋」、「紅」和「咸」等。匣母在中國其他漢語變體中大部分都經過中古後期(即大約在晚唐至宋初期間)的濁音清化而消失。
濁聲門擦音 的特徵:
- Gussenhoven, Carlos, Dutch, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1992, 22 (2): 45–47
- Harry, Otelemate, Kalaḅarị-Ịjo, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2003, 33 (1): 113–120
- Laufer, Asher, Phonetic Representation: Glottal Fricatives, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1991, 21 (2): 91–93
- Roach, Peter, British English: Received Pronunciation, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (2): 239–245
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肺部氣流音
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當符號成對出現時,左邊的是清音,右邊的是濁音。陰影區域表示被認為是不可能的發音。
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- ^ Hualde & Ortiz de Urbina (2003:24頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFHualdeOrtiz_de_Urbina2003 (help)
- ^ Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999:155頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGussenhovenAarts1999 (help)
- ^ Verhoeven (2007:219頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerhoeven2007 (help)
- ^ (葡萄牙文) Pará Federal University – The pronunciation of /s/ and its variations across Bragança municipality's Portuguese (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- ^ (葡萄牙文) Rio de Janeiro Federal University – The variation of post-vocallic /S/ in the speech of Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- ^ A NEUTRALIZAÇÃO DOS FONEMAS / v – z - Z / NO FALAR DE FORTALEZA (PDF). profala.ufc.br. [23 April 2012]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-03).